Volume 10, Issue 6 (Nov-Dec-2016 2016)                   mljgoums 2016, 10(6): 1-6 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Moein Jahromi F, Kargar M, Doosti A, Mohammadalipour Z. Evaluation of Prevalence of S. pneumoniae pharyngeal carriers under 5 years of age by lytA gene detection . mljgoums 2016; 10 (6) :1-6
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.html
Evaluation of Prevalence of S. pneumoniae pharyngeal carriers under 5 years of age by lytA gene detection
Fatane Moein Jahromi 1, Mohammad Kargar2 , Abbas Doosti3 , Zahra Mohammadalipour4
1- Department of Microbiology Jahrom Branch , fatanemoein@yahoo.com
2- Department of Microbiology
3- Department of Marine Microbiology, Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
4- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch
Abstract:   (11417 Views)

ABSTRACT

         Background and Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide. Nasopharyngeal colonization in children can spread pneumococcal infections in the community. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of S. pneumoniae strains isolated from healthy pharyngeal carriers less than 5 years of age.

          Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 150 children under 5 years old in the city of Shiraz. After nasopharyngeal swab sampling, the samples were cultured on blood agar containing 5% sheep blood. The cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Primary identification was carried out using optochin sensitivity testing, bile solubility testing and gram staining. Molecular identification of S. pneumoniae strains was done using lytA gene-specific primers.

        Results: Of the 150 samples collected from healthy children, 24.67% were pharyngeal carriers of S. pneumoniae. The highest frequency of pneumococcal strains was related to male carriers (n= 22, 59.46%) and the children aged 1-2 years (n=11, 29.73%). The results showed no significant association between the prevalence of pharyngeal carriage and gender or age.

          Conclusion: Given the increasing rate of pharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in children as a risk factor for respiratory tract infections, there is a need for further monitoring of the circulating serotypes and investigation of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms.

         Keywords: Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Pharyngeal Carriers, lytA.

ABSTRACT

         Background and Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide. Nasopharyngeal colonization in children can spread pneumococcal infections in the community. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of S. pneumoniae strains isolated from healthy pharyngeal carriers less than 5 years of age.

          Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 150 children under 5 years old in the city of Shiraz. After nasopharyngeal swab sampling, the samples were cultured on blood agar containing 5% sheep blood. The cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Primary identification was carried out using optochin sensitivity testing, bile solubility testing and gram staining. Molecular identification of S. pneumoniae strains was done using lytA gene-specific primers.

        Results: Of the 150 samples collected from healthy children, 24.67% were pharyngeal carriers of S. pneumoniae. The highest frequency of pneumococcal strains was related to male carriers (n= 22, 59.46%) and the children aged 1-2 years (n=11, 29.73%). The results showed no significant association between the prevalence of pharyngeal carriage and gender or age.

          Conclusion: Given the increasing rate of pharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in children as a risk factor for respiratory tract infections, there is a need for further monitoring of the circulating serotypes and investigation of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms.

         Keywords: Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Pharyngeal Carriers, lytA.

ABSTRACT

         Background and Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide. Nasopharyngeal colonization in children can spread pneumococcal infections in the community. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of S. pneumoniae strains isolated from healthy pharyngeal carriers less than 5 years of age.

          Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 150 children under 5 years old in the city of Shiraz. After nasopharyngeal swab sampling, the samples were cultured on blood agar containing 5% sheep blood. The cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Primary identification was carried out using optochin sensitivity testing, bile solubility testing and gram staining. Molecular identification of S. pneumoniae strains was done using lytA gene-specific primers.

        Results: Of the 150 samples collected from healthy children, 24.67% were pharyngeal carriers of S. pneumoniae. The highest frequency of pneumococcal strains was related to male carriers (n= 22, 59.46%) and the children aged 1-2 years (n=11, 29.73%). The results showed no significant association between the prevalence of pharyngeal carriage and gender or age.

          Conclusion: Given the increasing rate of pharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae in children as a risk factor for respiratory tract infections, there is a need for further monitoring of the circulating serotypes and investigation of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms.

         Keywords: Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Pharyngeal Carriers, lytA.

Keywords: Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Pharyngeal Carriers, lytA.
Full-Text [PDF 467 kb]   (1218 Downloads)    
Research Article: Original Paper |
Received: 2016/01/25 | Accepted: 2016/01/25 | Published: 2016/09/25 | ePublished: 2016/09/25
References
1. Balsalobre L, Ferrandiz MJ, Alba G, De la Campa AG. Nonoptimal DNA Topoisomerases Allow Maintence of Supercoiling Level and Improve Fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agent Chemother. 2011; 55(3): 1079-1105. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00783-10. [DOI:10.1128/AAC.00783-10]
2. Anthony L, Meehan A, Amos B, Mtove G, Mjema J, Malahiyo R. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: prevalence and risk factors in HIV-positive children in Tanzania. Int J Infect Dis. 2012; 16(10): e753-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.1037. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.1037]
3. Rubin LG, Rizvi A. PCR-based assay for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 14, 19F and 23F in respiratory specimens. J Med Microbiol. 2004; 53(Pt 7): 595-602. [DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.45550-0]
4. Glowniak I, Malm A. Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains Colonizing Upper Respiratory Tract of Healty Preschool Children in Poland. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012; 2012: 1-10. [DOI:10.1100/2012/732901]
5. Marchisio P, Esposito S, Schito GC, Marchese A, Covagna R, Principi N. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Healty children: Implications for the Use of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002; 8(5): 479-484. [DOI:10.3201/eid0805.010235]
6. Kontiainen S, Sivonen A. Optochin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from blood and middle ear fluid. J. Clin. Microbial. 1987; 6(4): 422-424. [DOI:10.1007/BF02013101]
7. Fenoll A, Munoz R, Garcia E, de la Campa AG. Molecular basis of the optochin-sensitive phenotype of pneumococcus: characterization of the genes encoding the F0 complex of the Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus oralis H (+)-ATPases. Mol Microbiol. 1994; 12(4): 587-598. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01045.x]
8. Pikis A, Campos J, Rodriguez WJ, Keith JM. Optochin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: mechanism, significance, and clinical implications. J. Infect. Dis. 2001; 184(5): 582-590. [DOI:10.1086/322803]
9. Nunes S, Sa-Leao R, de Lencastre H. Optochin resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae strains colonizing healthy children in Portugal. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(1): 321-324. [DOI:10.1128/JCM.02097-07]
10. Cortes PR, Albarracin A, Regueira M, Pinas G, Echenique J. Characterization of In Vitro- Generated and Clinical Optochin- Resistant Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Argentina. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008; 46(6): 1930-1934. [DOI:10.1128/JCM.02318-07]
11. Hausdroff WP, Feikin DR, Klugman KP. Epidemiological differences among Pneumococcal serotypes. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005; 5(2): 83-93. [DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70083-9]
12. Mitchell TJ. Virulence factors and the pathogenesis of disease caused by S.pneumoniae. Ros Microbiol. 2000; 151(6): 413-419. [DOI:10.1016/S0923-2508(00)00175-3]
13. Cockeran R, Anderson R, Feldman C. The role of pneumolysin in the pathogenesis of S.pneumoniae infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2002; 15(3): 235-239. [DOI:10.1097/00001432-200206000-00004]
14. Saukkoriipi A, Kaijalanien T, Kuisma L, Ojala A, Leinonen M. Isolation of Pneumococcal DNA from nasopharyngeal samples for real-time quantitive PCR: comparison of three methods. Mol Diagn. 2003; 7(1): 9-15.
15. Shappard CL, Harrison TG, Morris R, Hogan A, George R. Autolysin-targeted Lightcycler assay including internal process control for detection of S.pneumoniae DNA in clinical samples. Journal Med Microbiol. 2004, 53(Pt 3): 189-195. [DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.05460-0]
16. Whatmore AM, Dowson CG. The Autolysin-Encoding Gene (lytA) of Streptococcus pneumonia Displays Restricted Allelic Variation despite Localized Recombination Events with Genes of Pneumococcal Bacteriophage Encoding Cell Wall Lytic Enzymes. INFECT. IMMUN. 1999; 67(9):4551-56.
17. Fukushima KY, Yanagihara K, Hirakata Y, Sugahara K, Morinaga Y, Kohno S. Rapid identification of penicillin resistance genes and simultaneous quantification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in purulent sputum samples by us of a novel real-time multiplex PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(7): 2384-88. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00051-08. [DOI:10.1128/JCM.00051-08]
18. Sanaei Dashti A, Abedini B, Karimi A. Nasopharyngeal Carrier Rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance. Arch Iran Med. 2012; 15(8): 500-503. doi: 012158/AIM.0012.
19. Bakhshaee M, Ghazvini K, Naderi HR, Zamanian A, Haghighi J, Baghrabadian M. The prevalence of nasopharyngeal streptococcal pneumonia carriers inMashhad day care children and their antibiotic resistance pattern. The Iranian Journal oh Otorhinolaryngology. 2006; 18(3): 119-126.
20. Cheng Immerguluck L, Kanungo S, Schwartz A, Mcintyre A, Schaeckenberger PC, Diaz PS. Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus areus nasopharyngeal colonization in healty in children in the United states. Epidemiol Infect. 2004; 132(2): 159-166. [DOI:10.1017/S0950268803001791]
21. Chiou CC, Lio YC, Huang TS, Hwang WK, Wang JK, Lin HH. Extremely High Prevalence of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Penicilin- Resistance Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in Kaohsiung Taiwan. J CLIN MICROBIOL. 1998; 36(7): 1933-1937.
22. Russell FM, Capetis JR, Ketaiwai S, Kanabuli V, Taoi M, Biriobo S. Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and patterns of penicillin resistance in young children in Fiji. Ann Trop Pediator. 2006; 26(3): 187-198. [DOI:10.1179/146532806X120273]
23. Malfroot A, Verhaegen J, Dubra JM, Van Kerscharer E, Leyman S. A cross-sectional Survey of the prevalence of the Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in Belgian infants attending day care. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004; 10(9): 797-803. [DOI:10.1111/j.1198-743X.2004.00926.x]
24. Ciftci E, Dogru U, Aysev D, Ince E, Guriz H. Investigation of risk factors for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in Turkish children. Pediatr Int. 2001; 43(4): 385-90. [DOI:10.1046/j.1442-200X.2001.01422.x]
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2007 All Rights Reserved | Medical Laboratory Journal

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.