Mon, Apr 21, 2025
1- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
2- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ,abmoradi@gmail.com
2- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ,
Abstract: (381 Views)
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are DNA viruses from the Papillomaviridae family. These viruses are linked to about 5% of human cancers, significantly related to cervical cancer. Infection of this virus can be screened in women for prevention of cervical cancer.
One of the most common and effective methods for human papillomavirus (HPV) screening is sampling from the cervix using the Pap smear method and molecular techniques, used in various countries. Currently, the sampling methods for HPV screening in different countries are only performed through clinical sampling. Therefore, this approach cannot cover all urban and rural populations. Self-sampling for HPV screening has been recommended and supported by the World Health Organization as a new strategy.
This mini-review discusses the self-sampling method for HPV screening, its advantages, and its application in different countries. Considering that the self-sampling method can cover all rural and urban areas, it is more economically viable and can help to minimize cultural barriers and public opinion challenges compared to clinical sampling.
The HPV self-sampling strategy can serve as an effective and efficient method for HPV screening focused on preventing cervical cancer caused by the HPV virus in various countries.
One of the most common and effective methods for human papillomavirus (HPV) screening is sampling from the cervix using the Pap smear method and molecular techniques, used in various countries. Currently, the sampling methods for HPV screening in different countries are only performed through clinical sampling. Therefore, this approach cannot cover all urban and rural populations. Self-sampling for HPV screening has been recommended and supported by the World Health Organization as a new strategy.
This mini-review discusses the self-sampling method for HPV screening, its advantages, and its application in different countries. Considering that the self-sampling method can cover all rural and urban areas, it is more economically viable and can help to minimize cultural barriers and public opinion challenges compared to clinical sampling.
The HPV self-sampling strategy can serve as an effective and efficient method for HPV screening focused on preventing cervical cancer caused by the HPV virus in various countries.
References
1. Nishimura H, Yeh PT, Oguntade H, Kennedy CE, Narasimhan M. HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: a systematic review of values and preferences. BMJ Global Health. 2021; 6(5): e003743. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
2. Song J, Ni Y-H, Fang J, Qu S-X, Chen X-Y, Wu W-L, et al. The levels of women's awareness, experience, acceptability and preference for Vaginal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling in three provinces of China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health. 2024;24(1):343. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
3. Madhivanan P, Nishimura H, Ravi K, Pope B, Coudray M, Arun A, et al. Acceptability and concordance of self-versus clinician-sampling for HPV testing among rural south Indian women. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2021; 22(3): 971-6. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
4. Mekuria SF, Timmermans S, Borgfeldt C, Jerkeman M, Johansson P, Linde DS. HPV self-sampling versus healthcare provider collection on the effect of cervical cancer screening uptake and costs in LMIC: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews. 2023; 12(1): 103. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
5. Peter M. Howley, DMK. Fields VIROLOGY:DNA Viruses. Harvard Medical School. 2020.
6. Di Gennaro G, Licata F, Trovato A, Bianco A. Does self-sampling for human papillomavirus testing have the potential to increase cervical cancer screening? An updated meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials. Frontiers in public health. 2022; 10: 1003461. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
7. Kamath Mulki A, Withers M. Human Papilloma Virus self-sampling performance in low-and middle-income countries. BMC women's health. 2021; 21: 1-11. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
8. Esber A. Feasibility, validity, and acceptability of self-collected samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in rural Malawi. Malawi Medical Journal. 2018; 30(2): 61-6. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
9. Vega Crespo B, Neira VA, Ortíz Segarra J, Rengel RM, López D, Orellana MP, et al. Role of self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: diagnostic test properties of three tests for the diagnosis of HPV in rural communities of Cuenca, Ecuador. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(8):4619. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
10. Yeh PT, Kennedy CE, De Vuyst H, Narasimhan M. Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ global health. 2019;4(3):e001351. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] []
11. Brewer N, Bartholomew K, Grant J, Maxwell A, McPherson G, Wihongi H, et al. Acceptability of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among never-and under-screened Indigenous and other minority women: a randomized three-arm community trial in Aotearoa New Zealand. The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific. 2021;16. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
12. Fullerton MM, Ford C, D'Silva C, Chiang B, Onobrakpor S-I, Dievert H, et al. HPV self-sampling implementation strategies to engage under-screened communities in cervical cancer screening: a scoping review to inform screening programs. Frontiers in Public Health. 2024; 12: 1430968. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
13. Panta S, Rajaram S, Heda A, Bhadoria AS, Kalita D, Chawla L, et al. Community Screening for High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Infection Using Self-Sampling and 'Point-of-Care'Test. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP. 2024; 25(2): 653. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
14. Burger EA, Sy S, Nygård M, Kim JJ. The cost-effectiveness of cervical self-sampling to improve routine cervical cancer screening: the importance of respondent screening history and compliance. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2017; 26(1): 95-103. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
15. Xiong S, Lazovich DA, Hassan F, Ambo N, Ghebre R, Kulasingam S, et al. Health care personnel's perspectives on human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: a pre-implementation, qualitative study. Implementation Science Communications. 2022; 3(1): 130. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
16. Carozzi FM, Royder Yanez R, Paganini I, Sani C, Cannistrà S, Matucci M, et al. Cervical cancer prevention: Feasibility of self-sampling and HPV testing in rural and urban areas of Bolivia: An observational study. Plos one. 2024; 19(3): e0292605. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
17. Devotta K, Vahabi M, Prakash V, Lofters AK. Implementation of a Cervical Cancer Screening Intervention for Under-or Never-Screened Women in Ontario, Canada: Understanding the Acceptability of HPV Self-Sampling. Current Oncology. 2023; 30(7): 6786-804. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
18. Devotta K, Vahabi M, Prakash V, Lofters A. Reach and effectiveness of an HPV self-sampling intervention for cervical screening amongst under- or never-screened women in Toronto, Ontario Canada. BMC Women's Health. 2023; 23(1): 36. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
19. Aarnio R, Östensson E, Olovsson M, Gustavsson I, Gyllensten U. Cost-effectiveness analysis of repeated self-sampling for HPV testing in primary cervical screening: a randomized study. BMC cancer. 2020; 20: 1-9. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
20. Li X, Zheng W. Enhancing cervical cancer screening: the promise and future of self-sampling HPV testing. Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine. 2024; 4(3). [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
21. Al-Naggar RA. Eliminating cervical cancer from low-and middle-income countries: An achievable public health goal. Frontiers Media SA; 2022. 1096395. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
22. Inturrisi F, Aitken CA, Melchers WJ, van den Brule AJ, Molijn A, Hinrichs JW, et al. Clinical performance of high-risk HPV testing on self-samples versus clinician samples in routine primary HPV screening in the Netherlands: an observational study. The Lancet Regional Health-Europe. 2021;11. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
23. Tesfahunei HA, Ghebreyesus MS, Assefa DG, Zeleke ED, Acam J, Joseph M, et al. Human papillomavirus self-sampling versus standard clinician-sampling for cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Infectious agents and cancer. 2021;16(1):43. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
24. Penaranda E, Molokwu J, Flores S, Byrd T, Brown L, Shokar N. Women's attitudes toward cervicovaginal self-sampling for high-risk HPV infection on the US-Mexico border. Journal of lower genital tract disease. 2015;19(4):323-8. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
25. Campos NG, Scarinci IC, Tucker L, Peral S, Li Y, Regan MC, et al. Cost-effectiveness of offering cervical cancer screening with HPV self-sampling among African-American women in the Mississippi Delta. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2021; 30(6): 1114-21. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
26. Le A, Rohweder C, Wheeler SB, Lafata JE, Teal R, Giannone K, et al. Self-Collection for Primary HPV Testing: Perspectives on Implementation From Federally Qualified Health Centers. Prev Chronic Dis. 2023; 20: E93. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
27. Crofts V, Flahault E, Tebeu P-M, Untiet S, Fosso GK, Boulvain M, et al. Education efforts may contribute to wider acceptance of human papillomavirus self-sampling. International journal of women's health. 2015: 149-54. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
28. Wong EL-Y, Cheung AW-L, Wong AY-K, Chan PK-S. Acceptability and feasibility of HPV self-sampling as an alternative primary cervical cancer screening in under-screened population groups: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17): 6245. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
29. Shin MB, Garcia PJ, Saldarriaga EM, Fiestas JL, Ásbjörnsdóttir KH, Iribarren SJ, et al. Cost of community-based human papillomavirus self-sampling in Peru: a micro-costing study. The Lancet Regional Health-Americas. 2022; 8. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
30. Lam J, Elfström K, Ejegod D, Pedersen H, Rygaard C, Rebolj M, et al. High-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human papillomavirus self-sampling of screening non-attenders. British journal of cancer. 2018; 118(1): 138-44. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
31. Nishimura Y, Matsuura M, Terada N, Nagao S, Shimada H, Isoyama K, et al. Mailing human papillomavirus self-sampling kits to women under-screened for cervical cancer improved detection in cervical cancer screening in a general population study in Japan. BMC Public Health. 2023; 23(1): 473. [View at Publisher] [DO] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
32. Kohler RE, Elliott T, Monare B, Moshashane N, Ramontshonyana K, Chatterjee P, et al. HPV self‐sampling acceptability and preferences among women living with HIV in Botswana. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2019; 147(3): 332-8. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
33. Desai KT, Ajenifuja KO, Banjo A, Adepiti CA, Novetsky A, Sebag C, et al. Design and feasibility of a novel program of cervical screening in Nigeria: self-sampled HPV testing paired with visual triage. Infectious agents and cancer. 2020;15:1-13. [View at Publisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Enamad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.