Fri, Dec 27, 2024
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Mar-Apr 2017)
mljgoums 2017, 11(2): 36-40 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Roshanjo K, Asadpour L, Shiri Shahsavar M R, Hemmati A. Prevalence of cdt Gene in Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Surface Waters of Rasht, Iran. mljgoums 2017; 11 (2) :36-40
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-971-en.html
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-971-en.html
1- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
2- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran ,asadpour@iaurasht.ac.ir
3- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran ,
3- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (12289 Views)
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Campylobacters are infectious zoonotic agents, and among the main bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Studies have shown that Campylobacter jejuni is of the main causes of infection among humans. Detection of these infectious agents in water resources is of great importance for maintaining the health of humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was molecular detection of C. jejuni strains in surface water samples collected from Rasht, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 45 surface water samples collected from the city of Rasht. After culture and isolation of bacteria, the molecular detection of C. jejuni was carried out using hipO-specific primers. Presence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene in positive samples was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using cdtC-specific primers.
Results: Of 45 samples, seven (15.5%) were positive for C. jejuni contamination, five of which (71.4%) had the cdtC gene.
Conclusion: The prevalence of toxin-producing C. jejuni in surface waters of Rasht is notable. Therefore, it is recommended to take necessary measures for controlling the spread of this microorganism.
Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, Surface water, cdt gene, PCR.
Background and Objective: Campylobacters are infectious zoonotic agents, and among the main bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Studies have shown that Campylobacter jejuni is of the main causes of infection among humans. Detection of these infectious agents in water resources is of great importance for maintaining the health of humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was molecular detection of C. jejuni strains in surface water samples collected from Rasht, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 45 surface water samples collected from the city of Rasht. After culture and isolation of bacteria, the molecular detection of C. jejuni was carried out using hipO-specific primers. Presence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene in positive samples was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using cdtC-specific primers.
Results: Of 45 samples, seven (15.5%) were positive for C. jejuni contamination, five of which (71.4%) had the cdtC gene.
Conclusion: The prevalence of toxin-producing C. jejuni in surface waters of Rasht is notable. Therefore, it is recommended to take necessary measures for controlling the spread of this microorganism.
Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, Surface water, cdt gene, PCR.
Research Article: Original Paper |
Received: 2017/08/2 | Accepted: 2017/08/2 | Published: 2017/08/2 | ePublished: 2017/08/2
Received: 2017/08/2 | Accepted: 2017/08/2 | Published: 2017/08/2 | ePublished: 2017/08/2
References
1. Nachamkin I, Szymanski CM, Blaser MJ. Campylobacter. ASM Press. 2008.
2. Olsen KN, Lund M, Skov J, Christensen LS, Hoorfar J. Detection of Campylobacter bacteria in air samples for continuous real-time monitoring of Campylobacter colonization in broiler flocks. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009; 75(7): 2074-2078. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02182-08. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.02182-08]
3. Guarino M, Casmiro M, D'Alessandro R. Campylobacter jejuni infection and Guillain-Barre syndrome: a case-control study. Emilia-Romagna Study Group on Clinical and Epidemiological problems in neurology. Neuroepidemiology. 1998; 17(6): 296-302. [DOI:10.1159/000026183]
4. De Cesare A, Sheldon BW, Smith KS, Jaykus L-A. Survival and persistence of Campylobacter and Salmonella species under various organic loads on food contact surfaces. J Food Prot. 2003; 66(9): 1587-94. [DOI:10.4315/0362-028X-66.9.1587]
5. Ica T, Caner V, Istanbullu O, Nguyen HD, Ahmed B, Call DR, Beyenal H. Characterization of mono-and mixed-culture Campylobacter jejuni biofilms. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2011; 78(4):1033-1038. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.07364-11]
6. Johnson WM, Lior H. A new heat-labile cytolethal distending toxin (CLDT) produced by Campylobacter spp. Microb Pathog. 1988; 4(2): 115-126. [DOI:10.1016/0882-4010(88)90053-8]
7. Nakanishi S, Tazumi A, Moore JE, Millar BC, Matsuda M. Molecular and comparative analyses of the full-length cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene operon and its adjacent genetic loci from urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) organisms. Br J Biomed Sci. 2010; 67(4): 208-215. [DOI:10.1080/09674845.2010.11730321]
8. Dungan RS, Klein M, Leytem AB. Quantification of bacterial indicators and zoonotic pathogens in dairy wastewater ponds. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012; 78(22): 8089-8095. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.02470-12]
9. Nachamkin I, Szymanski CM, Blaser MJ. Campylobacter. ASM Press. 2008.
10. Olsen KN, Lund M, Skov J, Christensen LS, Hoorfar J. Detection of Campylobacter bacteria in air samples for continuous real-time monitoring of Campylobacter colonization in broiler flocks. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009; 75(7): 2074-2078. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02182-08. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.02182-08]
11. Guarino M, Casmiro M, D'Alessandro R. Campylobacter jejuni infection and Guillain-Barre syndrome: a case-control study. Emilia-Romagna Study Group on Clinical and Epidemiological problems in neurology. Neuroepidemiology. 1998; 17(6): 296-302. [DOI:10.1159/000026183]
12. De Cesare A, Sheldon BW, Smith KS, Jaykus L-A. Survival and persistence of Campylobacter and Salmonella species under various organic loads on food contact surfaces. J Food Prot. 2003; 66(9): 1587-94. [DOI:10.4315/0362-028X-66.9.1587]
13. Ica T, Caner V, Istanbullu O, Nguyen HD, Ahmed B, Call DR, Beyenal H. Characterization of mono-and mixed-culture Campylobacter jejuni biofilms. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2011; 78(4):1033-1038. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.07364-11]
14. Johnson WM, Lior H. A new heat-labile cytolethal distending toxin (CLDT) produced by Campylobacter spp. Microb Pathog. 1988; 4(2): 115-126. [DOI:10.1016/0882-4010(88)90053-8]
15. Nakanishi S, Tazumi A, Moore JE, Millar BC, Matsuda M. Molecular and comparative analyses of the full-length cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene operon and its adjacent genetic loci from urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) organisms. Br J Biomed Sci. 2010; 67(4): 208-215. [DOI:10.1080/09674845.2010.11730321]
16. Dungan RS, Klein M, Leytem AB. Quantification of bacterial indicators and zoonotic pathogens in dairy wastewater ponds. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012; 78(22): 8089-8095. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.02470-12]
17. Lara-Tejero M, Galán JE. CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC form a tripartite complex that is required for cytolethal distending toxin activity. Infection and immunity. 2001; 69(7): 4358-4365. [DOI:10.1128/IAI.69.7.4358-4365.2001]
18. Mao X, DiRienzo JM. Functional studies of the recombinant subunits of a cytolethal distending holotoxin. Cellular microbiology. 2002; 4(4): 245-255. [DOI:10.1046/j.1462-5822.2002.00186.x]
19. Purdy D, Buswell C, Hodgson A, McAlpine K, Henderson I, Leach S. Characterisation of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) mutants of Campylobacter jejuni. Journal of medical microbiology. 2000; 49(5): 473-479. [DOI:10.1099/0022-1317-49-5-473]
20. Whitehouse CA, Balbo PB, Pesci EC, Cottle DL, Mirabito PM, Pickett CL. Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin causes a G2-phase cell cycle block. Infection and immunity. 1998, 66(5): 1934-1940.
21. De Rycke J, Oswald E. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT): a bacterial weapon to control host cell proliferation? FEMS microbiology letters. 2001; 203(2): 141-148. [DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10832.x]
22. Talukder KA, Aslam M, Islam Z, Azmi IJ, Dutta DK, Hossain S, et al. Prevalence of virulence genes and cytolethal distending toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2008; 46(4): 1485-1488. [DOI:10.1128/JCM.01912-07]
23. Southern JP, Smith RM, Palmer SR. Bird attack on milk bottles: possible mode of transmission of Campylobacter jejuni to man. Lancet. 1990; 336(8728): 1425-1427. [DOI:10.1016/0140-6736(90)93114-5]
24. Pepe T, De Dominicis R, Esposito G, Ventrone I, Fratamico PM, Cortesi ML. Detection of Campylobacter from poultry carcass skin samples at slaughter in Southern Italy. J Food Prot 2009; 72(8): 1718-1721. [DOI:10.4315/0362-028X-72.8.1718]
25. Debretsion A, Habtemariam T, Wilson S, Nganwa D, Yehualaeshet T. Real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and quantification of Campylobacter jejuni on chicken rinses from poultry processing plant. Mol Cell Probes. 2007; 21(3): 177-181. [DOI:10.1016/j.mcp.2006.10.006]
26. Van Dyke MI, Morton VK, McLellan NL, Huck PM. The occurrence of Campylobacter in river water and waterfowl within a watershed in southern Ontario, Canada. J Appl Microbiol. 2010; 109(3): 1053-1066. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04730.x]
27. Kwan PS, Barrigas M, Bolton FJ, French NP, Gowland P, Kemp R, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni populations in dairy cattle, wildlife, and the environment in a farmland area. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2008; 74(16): 5130-5138. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.02198-07]
28. Emtiazi F, Schwartz T, Marten SM, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Obst U. Investigation of natural biofilms formed during the production of drinking water from surface water embankment filtration. Water research. 2004, 38(5):1197-1206. [DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.056]
29. Ghane M, Moein FG, Massoudian S. The First Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni. Advanced Studies in Biology. 2012; 4(9): 407-418.
30. Scates P, Moran L, Madden RH. Effect of incubation temperature on isolation of Campylobacter jejuni genotypes from foodstuffs enriched in Preston broth. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2003; 69(8): 4658-4661. doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4658-4661.2003. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.69.8.4658-4661.2003]
31. Zhao C, Ge B, De Villena J, Sudler R, Yeh E, Zhao S, et al. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella serovars in retail chicken, turkey, pork, and beef from the Greater Washington, D.C., area. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001; 67(12): 5431-5436. [DOI:10.1128/AEM.67.12.5431-5436.2001]
32. Bang DD, Nielsen EM, Scheutz F, Pedersen K, Handberg K, Madsen M. PCR detection of seven virulence and toxin genes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from Danish pigs and cattle and cytolethal distending toxin production of the isolates. J Appl Microbiol. 2003; 94(6):1003-1014. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01926.x]
33. Peyrat MB, Soumet C, Maris P, Sanders P. Phenotypes and genotypes of campylobacter strains isolated after cleaning and disinfection in poultry slaughterhouses. Vet Microbiol. 2008; 128(3-4): 313-326. [DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.021]
34. Meinersmann R, Berrang M, Little E. Campylobacter spp. recovered from the Upper Oconee River watershed, Georgia in a 4-year study. Microbial ecology. 2013; 65(1): 22-27. [DOI:10.1007/s00248-012-0117-8]
35. Ghorbanalizadgan M, Bakhshi B, Kazemnejad Lili A, Najar-Peerayeh S, Nikmanesh B. A molecular survey of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli virulence and diversity. Iran Biomed J. 2014; 18(3): 158-164.
36. Talukder KA, Aslam M, Islam Z, Azmi IJ, Dutta DK, Hossain S, Nur EKA, Nair GB, Cravioto A, Sack DA, et al. Prevalence of virulence genes and cytolethal distending toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(4): 1485-1488. [DOI:10.1128/JCM.01912-07]
37. Carvalho AF, Silva DM, Azevedo SS, Piatti RM, Genovez ME, Scarcelli E. Detection of CDT toxin genes in Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler carcasses and vegetables in São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2013; 44(3): 693-699. [DOI:10.1590/S1517-83822013000300005]
38. Shojaei Kavan R, Hassanzadeh M, Bozorgmehri Fard MH, Pourbakhsh SA, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Barin A, at al. Detection of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) Genes in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from the intestinal of commercial broiler chickens, turkey and quail of Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2015; 9(2): 109-116.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Enamad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.