Fri, Feb 7, 2025
Volume 11, Issue 3 (May-Jun 2017)
mljgoums 2017, 11(3): 25-29 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Movaghari M, Anvari S, Jamali A, Yazdani M. Detection of Virulence Genes Tcpa and Ctxb in Isolates from Surface Water and Salt Water Samples in Golestan, Iran. mljgoums 2017; 11 (3) :25-29
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1002-en.html
URL: http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1002-en.html
1- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Abstract: (12131 Views)
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Vibrio is a genus of bacteria that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. The genus includes several important pathogens that endanger farm animals and humans who ingest seafood or water contaminated with the bacteria. Virulence of Vibrio spp. is regulated by ctxAB and tcpA genes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp., and tcpA and ctxB virulence genes in isolates from surface water and salt water samples collected from Golestan Province, Iran.
Methods: Overall, 115 water samples were collected from the Caspian Sea coast, lagoons and rivers in the Golestan Province. The samples were filtered by membrane filtration method, and enriched in alkaline peptone water with 1% NaCl. The isolates were grown on TCBS agar, and identified by biochemical tests. Presence of the tcpA and ctxB virulence genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction.
Results: In this study, Vibrio alginolyticus was the predominant species (38%) isolated from the seawater and surface water samples, followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (23%), Vibrio harvei (15%), Vibrio fluvialis (14%) and Vibrio damsela (10%). The virulence genes were not detected in any of the isolates found in the study.
Conclusion: This study indicates that V. alginolyticus is the most prevalent Vibrio spp. in surface water and seawater samples collected from the Golestan Province, Iran.
Keywords: Environmental Vibrio, Surface water, ctx B gene, tcpA gene.
Background and Objective: Vibrio is a genus of bacteria that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. The genus includes several important pathogens that endanger farm animals and humans who ingest seafood or water contaminated with the bacteria. Virulence of Vibrio spp. is regulated by ctxAB and tcpA genes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp., and tcpA and ctxB virulence genes in isolates from surface water and salt water samples collected from Golestan Province, Iran.
Methods: Overall, 115 water samples were collected from the Caspian Sea coast, lagoons and rivers in the Golestan Province. The samples were filtered by membrane filtration method, and enriched in alkaline peptone water with 1% NaCl. The isolates were grown on TCBS agar, and identified by biochemical tests. Presence of the tcpA and ctxB virulence genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction.
Results: In this study, Vibrio alginolyticus was the predominant species (38%) isolated from the seawater and surface water samples, followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (23%), Vibrio harvei (15%), Vibrio fluvialis (14%) and Vibrio damsela (10%). The virulence genes were not detected in any of the isolates found in the study.
Conclusion: This study indicates that V. alginolyticus is the most prevalent Vibrio spp. in surface water and seawater samples collected from the Golestan Province, Iran.
Keywords: Environmental Vibrio, Surface water, ctx B gene, tcpA gene.
Research Article: Original Paper |
Received: 2017/09/24 | Accepted: 2017/09/24 | Published: 2017/09/24 | ePublished: 2017/09/24
Received: 2017/09/24 | Accepted: 2017/09/24 | Published: 2017/09/24 | ePublished: 2017/09/24
References
1. Thompson FL, Iida T, Swings J. Biodiversity of vibrios. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews. 2004; 68(3): 403-31. DOI:10.1128/MMBR.68.3.403-431.2004 [DOI:10.1128/MMBR.68.3.403-431.2004]
2. Janda J, Powers C, Bryant R, Abbott S. Current perspectives on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of clinically significant Vibrio spp. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1988; 1(3): 245-67. [DOI:10.1128/CMR.1.3.245]
3. Austin B. Vibrios as causal agents of zoonoses. Veterinary microbiology. 2010;140(3):310-7. DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.015. [DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.015]
4. Pal P. Role of cholera toxin in Vibrio cholerae infection in humans-A Review. International Letters of Natural Sciences. 2014; 22: 22-32. [DOI:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.22.22]
5. Faruque SM, Kamruzzaman M, Meraj IM, Chowdhury N, Nair GB, Sack RB, et al. Pathogenic potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains carrying genetic variants of the toxin-coregulated pilus pathogenicity island. Infection and immunity. 2003; 71(2): 1020-5. PMCID:PMC145385. [DOI:10.1128/IAI.71.2.1020-1025.2003]
6. Faruque SM, Nair GB. Molecular ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Microbiology and immunology. 2002; 46(2): 59-66. [DOI:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02659.x]
7. Daniels NA, Shafaie A. A review of pathogenic Vibrio infections for clinicians. Infections in medicine. 2000; 17(10): 665-85.
8. Broberg CA, Calder TJ, Orth K. Vibrio parahaemolyticus cell biology and pathogenicity determinants. Microbes and Infection. 2011;13(12):992-1001. DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.06.013. [DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.06.013]
9. Mukherji A, Schroeder S, Deyling C, Procop GW. An Unusual Source of Vibrio alginolyticus–Associated Otitis: Prolonged Colonization or Freshwater Exposure? Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 2000; 126(6): 790-1. [DOI:10.1001/archotol.126.6.790]
10. Hossain A, Haider K, Huq M, Zaman A. Studies on the factors affecting the haemolysin production of Vibrio mimicus isolated from clinical and environmental sources. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1988; 82(2): 337-9. [DOI:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90470-1]
11. Alsina M, Blanch AR. A set of keys for biochemical identification of environmental Vibrio species. Journal of applied bacteriology. 1994; 76(1): 79-85. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb04419.x]
12. Abd-Elghany SM, Sallam KI. Occurrence and molecular identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in retail shellfish in Mansoura, Egypt. Food control. 2013; 33(2): 399-405. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.024]
13. Sharma A, Chaturvedi AN. Prevalence of virulence genes (ctxA, stn, OmpW and tcpA) among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae isolated from fresh water environment. International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 2006; 209(6): 521-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.06.005]
14. Rajpara N, Vinothkumar K, Mohanty P, Singh AK, Singh R, Sinha R, et al. Synergistic effect of various virulence factors leading to high toxicity of environmental V. cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 isolates lacking ctx gene: comparative study with clinical strains. PloS one. 2013; 8(9): e76200. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0076200]
15. Harris L, Owens L, Smith S. A selective and differential medium for Vibrio harveyi. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1996; 62(9): 3548-50.
16. Zorrilla I, Mori-igo M, Castro D, Balebona M, Borrego J. Intraspecific characterization of Vibrio alginolyticus isolates recovered from cultured fish in Spain. Journal of applied microbiology. 2003; 95(5): 1106-16. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02078.x]
17. Adebayo-Tayo B, Okonko I, John M, Odu N, Nwanze J, Ezediokpu M. Occurrence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in Sea foods obtained from Oron Creek. Advances in Biological Research. 2011; 5(6): 356-65.
18. Eyisi OA, Nwodo UU, Iroegbu CU. Distribution of Vibrio species in shellfish and water samples collected from the Atlantic coastline of south-east Nigeria. Journal of health, population, and nutrition. 2013; 31(3): 314-320.
19. Cavallo RA, Stabili L. Presence of vibrios in seawater and Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.) from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea). Water Research. 2002; 36(15): 3719-26. [DOI:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00107-0]
20. Bai F, Pang L, Qi Z, Chen J, Austin B, Zhang X-H. Distribution of five vibrio virulence-related genes among Vibrio harveyi isolates. The Journal of general and applied microbiology. 2008; 54(1): 71-8. [DOI:10.2323/jgam.54.71]
21. Sechi LA, Duprè I, Deriu A, Fadda G, Zanetti S. Distribution of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes among different Vibrio species isolated in Sardinia, Italy. Journal of applied microbiology. 2000; 88(3): 475-81. [DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00982.x]
22. Croci L, Serratore P, Cozzi L, Stacchini A, Milandri S, Suffredini E, et al. Detection of Vibrionaceae in mussels and in their seawater growing area. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2001; 32(1): 57-61. [DOI:10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00855.x]
23. Amirmozafari N, Forohesh H, Halakoo A. Occurrence of pathogenic vibrios in coastal areas of Golestan province in Iran. Archives of Razi Institute. 2005; 60(1): 33-44.
24. Høi L, Larsen J, Dalsgaard I, Dalsgaard A. Occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes in Danish marine environments. Applied and environmental microbiology. 1998; 64(1): 7-13.
25. Ruwandeepika H, Defoirdt T, Bhowmick P, Shekar M, Bossier P, Karunasagar I. Presence of typical and atypical virulence genes in vibrio isolates belonging to the Harveyi clade. Journal of applied microbiology. 2010;109(3):888-99. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04715.x. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04715.x]
26. Ren C, Hu C, Jiang X, Sun H, Zhao Z, Chen C, et al. Distribution and pathogenic relationship of virulence associated genes among Vibrio alginolyticus from the mariculture systems. Molecular and cellular probes. 2013; 27(3): 164-8. DOI:10.1016/j.mcp.2013.01.004. [DOI:10.1016/j.mcp.2013.01.004]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Enamad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.