Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 Association of Selenium and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Review 1 9 EN ommolbanin younesian Metabolic disorders research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran samareh younesian Department of hematology and blood banking Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran sara hosseinzadeh Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran hamid reza joshaghani Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran ABSTRACT            Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common types of cancer, especially in Asia. Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is the most important histological subtype of EC, which accounts for 90% of all EC cases worldwide. ESCC is highly prevalent in Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan and northern and central parts of China. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is required for cellular functioning and synthesis of several selenoproteins. It also modulates the antioxidant defense system, cell cycle and apoptosis. This article reviews the most important molecular mechanisms of EC and investigates the association between selenium level and incidence of EC in high-risk areas.            Keywords: Esophageal cancer, selenium, selenoprotein.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 Prevalence of Biofilm Formation and Detection of PSM B Gene in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 10 14 EN Ali Asghar Ayatollahi Medical Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences,Gorgan, Iran Abolfazl Khandan Del Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Ailar Jamalli Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Khashayar Shahin State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China Ania Ahani Azari Department of Microbiology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Background and objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of hospital- and community-associated infections on a global scale. This organism is responsible for causing an extensive range of diseases and many of them are capable of biofilm formation for their survival. By this method, treatment of them with antibiotics become very difficult and antibiotic resistance is another rising concern. Material and Methods: The clinical samples were collected and examined for Staphylococcus aureus by microbiological and biochemical tests. Then, the biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates was detected by microtiter plate. Using SYBR Green Real-Time PCR, the expression of PSM was determined. Results: A total of 60 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from clinical isolates. Of them, 47 strains (78.3%) were identified biofilm producing and the others were considered negative for biofilm formation. After real-time PCR testing to detect PSM, it was determined that 100% of the strains were positive for biofilms and PSM genes. The results of phenotypic and genotypic tests of biofilm were closely related to each other and the expression of PSM B gene was 80%. It was found that 100% of strains were biofilm producing and PSM B gene was present in 78.3% (47 strains) of them. Conclusion: The prevalence of biofilm production in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples was high, so it is highly important to monitor the prevalence of these organisms in hospitals and community as well as their antimicrobial resistance.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 Antibacterial Effects of Compound Bifilact on E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni 15 19 EN Hamidreza Ebrahimnezhad Student of pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran Leila Barzegar Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, BaqiyatallahUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Davoud Esmaeili Applied VirologyResearch Center, BaqiyatallahUniversity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Department of Microbiology and Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, BaqiyatallahUniversity ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT            Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that function through  various mechanisms  and affect the alteration of the commensal microbiota against pathogens. Nowadays,  given the problems associated with antibiotics use, probiotic strains  offer a novel and  appropriate  alternative for the treatment of diseases such as diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial synergism of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) on the clinical sample of diarrheagenic E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni.            Methods: A paper disk-diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. Sterile 6 mm paper disks were saturated with probiotic suspensions made by settling probiotic medications into distilled water. Three kinds of disk were prepared. One disk was prepared for Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., another for ECN, and the third was made by combined probiotics. Clinical samples of diarrheagenic E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni were cultivated on Muller Hinton agars, and disks were placed on the inoculated Muller Hinton agars. All plates were incubated under microaerophilic and appropriate conditions.            Results: The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the bacterial growth was measured. All pathogenic microorganisms showed sensitivity to the probiotic disks. The combined disks had better effects against pathogens compared with single disks.            Conclusion: A considerable synergistic effect was observed in the results of combined probiotics; therefore, combined strains can be more efficient against intestinal pathogens in comparison with single probiotics.            Keywords: Probiotic, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli Nissle, Diarrhea, Campylobacter jejun.i.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Nosocomial Clinical Isolates in Southeast of Iran 20 28 EN Farzaneh Mohammadzadeh Rostami Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan Iran saman shalibeik Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran., Morteza Rabi Nezhad Mousavi Department of Microbiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ABSTRACT           Background and objectives: Nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria is a life threatening health challenge. This study aimed to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates from hospitals of Zahedan, southeast of Iran.            Methods: Overall, 818 isolates were collected from different hospital wards. The isolates were identified using conventional microbiological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was assessed by agar disc diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of a number of antibiotics. Multiplex PCR was performed using specific primers for the detection of resistance genes.            Results: The most common species were Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%). The rate of methicillin resistance among S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus was 60%, 43% and 24%, respectively. In addition, 28.5% of enterococci isolates were vancomycin resistant. Among gram-negative bacteria, 45% of A. baumannii and 24% of P. aeruginosa were identified as ESBL. A high level of resistance to ampicillin (96%), cefotaxime (89%), gentamicin (89%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime (60%) was observed in K. pneumoniae.            Conclusion: Our results highlight the urgent need for an eradication program and a surveillance plan for preventing increased emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the study area.            Keywords: Bacterial Infections, Drug resistance, Zahedan.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 Probable Role of Bilophila wadsworthia in Appendicle Infection 29 35 EN Mohammad Tabatabaei Assoociated Professor Microbiologist, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Aslam Dehvari M.Sc. student in bacteriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Bita Geramizadeh Professor, Pathologist, Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz, Iran Mohammad Hadi Niakan Surgeon, Trauma Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, ABSTRACT            Background and Objective: Bilophlia spp. are gram-negative, pleomorphic rod, obligate anaerobe, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and non-motile bacteria. B. wadsworthia is type species of genus Bilophila with the additional characteristic of urea hydrolysis. B. wadsworthia can be found in a variety of anaerobe infections, particularly appendicitis and intra-abdominal infection that are considered as important opportunistic pathogens.            Methods: This study was designed to identify Bilophila spp. in clinical specimens by culture and PCR. We examined 91 DNA samples extracted from infected appendix tissues with specific primers.            Results: Data showed that Bilophila spp. DNA existence in 53.85% (n=49) provided appendiceal tissue.            Conclusion: The pathological and molecular examination of infected appendiceal tissues revealed that B. wadsworthia is able to act as the primary cause of significant lesions in the appendicle tissues.            Key words: Bilophila spp., Appendectomy, Appendicle specimens, PCR, Nucleotide sequencing

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 Determination of Factors Affecting Bivalent (Type 1 and 3) Stability of Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine 36 43 EN Sina Soleimani Department of Biobank, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975-148, Karaj, Iran Background and objectives: After using of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) for a long time in Iran, in recent years, due to the eradication of type 2 of poliovirus, a bivalent vaccine containing types 1 and 3 is used. Since it is a highly thermo labile vaccine strain of poliovirus, it should be stored under the recommended temperature. Because in vaccine storage and transportation, the cold chain may not be achieved in Iran tropical weather conditions, the potency of this vaccine may be subject to change. Methods: The purpose of this study was the stability evaluation of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine produced by Razi Institute in Iran for stability study of vaccines to ensure constancy of virus at different temperatures and intervals freezing/defrosting cycles (stress tests). Three consecutive batches produced during full-scale production were sampled randomly. All quality control tests in the form of stability studies were done on vaccines stored at -20, 2-8, 22-25 and 35-37ºC in specific time intervals and 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 freezing/defrosting cycles. Results: The findings indicate the stability of this vaccine in different situations. The results also showed the effects of the environment affecting factors on the potency of the vaccines and determined the correlation between the VVM grade and the vaccine potency. Conclusion: Important observations of the vaccine distribution network at different transit levels and the correlation of VVM grade and vaccine potency and freezing/defrosting are discussed in this study which will be of help to the vaccine program team.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 The Effect of Gallic Acid Supplement and Resistance Exercise on the Bio-markers of Liver in Intoxicated Male Rats of Anabolic Steroid 44 49 EN Kazem Ranjbar Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Hassan Matin Homaie Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Maghsoud Piri Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Abstract            Background and Objectives: Liver is one of the vital organs of the human body. Antioxidants have been shown to play important roles in reducing liver injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of gallic acid supplementation and resistance exercise on liver damage biomarkers in male rats intoxicated by steroid anabolic.            Materials and Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: control, sham, steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg), steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg) + gallic acid supplementation (50 mg/kg), steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg) + resistance exercise, and steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg) + gallic acid supplementation (50 mg/kg) + resistance exercise. Except for control and sham groups, all groups received (injection) steroid anabolic at a dose of 5 mg / kg body weight once a week. The resistance exercise protocol was comprised of three weekly exercise sessions by 5 rep/3 set of climbing ladder for eight weeks. Data were analyzed via ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05.            Results:  The hepatic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin (total and direct), "In the gallic acid supplementation group (P<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.02, and p<0.05, respectively), resistance training group (p<0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively), and the gallic acid supplementation group with resistance exercise (P<0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, and p<0.01, respectively)"  were significantly reduced compared to the anabolic steroid group.            Conclusions: Gallic acid supplementation and resistance exercise significantly reduce liver damage biomarkers. However, the simultaneous use of resistance exercise and gallic acid supplementation has no increasing effects on these biomarkers.            Keywords: Anabolic Agents, gallic acid, Resistance Training.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 14 1 2020 1 1 Evaluation of ALK5 and MMP13 Expression in the Cartilage Tissue of Rats with Osteoarthritis Rats and Effects of Exercise Training, Ozone and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies on Expression of these Genes 50 56 EN Samira Oladazimi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity, Sari, Iran parvin farzanegi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity, Sari, Iran Mohammad Ali Azarbayejani Department of Exercise Physiology, IslamicAzad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT              Background and objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) are considered as important factors contributing to knee osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Here, we compared therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ozone and exercise training alone and combined on expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in rats with knee OA.             Methods: Knee OA was induced by a surgical method. Rats with OA were then randomly divided into several groups, including model, MSCs, ozone, exercise, MSCs + ozone, MSCs + exercise, ozone + exercise and MSCs + ozone + exercise groups. Expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes was evaluated using RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using SPSS software at significance of 0.05.              Results: Expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 differed significantly between the study groups (P<0.0001). Knee OA was significantly associated with overexpression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee OA. Combined therapy with MSCs, ozone and exercise significantly decreased the expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 in the cartilage of rats with OA (P<0.001). Although MSCs, ozone and exercise training were effective to mitigate expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes, ozone therapy was more effective compared to the other two therapies.             Conclusion: Although ozone, MSCs and exercise training alone could decrease the expression of MMP-13 and ALK5 genes, combined therapy with MSC, ozone and exercise is more effective.               Keywords: Osteoarthritis, O3, MSCs, exercise, MMP-13, ALK5.