Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 Expression of E.coli capsular polysaccharide requires the KfiB protein:A Structural based analysis 0 0 FA m Pourhossein Assistant Professor of I.S Roberts Abstract Background and objectives: important virulence factor for many invasive bacterial pathogens of humans. Escherichia coli offer a model system to study the mechanisms by which capsular polysaccharides are synthesized and exported onto the cell surface of bacteria. Biosynthesis of the E consists of the repeat structure -4) GlcA- (1, 4)-GlcNAc- (1-, requires the KfiA, KfiB, KfiC, and KfiD proteins. Until now , the role of all proteins except KfiB have been kown. Capsular polysaccharide expression is an. coli K5 capsular polysaccharide, which Material and Methods (pMA1) and several derivatives of KfiB expression construct (pMA2-6) were made with a 6Xhis-tag at the N-terminus. The presence of the hexa histidin tag facilitated purification of the KfiB protein using Ni : To study the role of the KfiB protein, a full-length2+-NTA chromatography. Results: pPC6::23 and restore capsule production. Successful complementation by pMA1, showed that the fused hexa-histidine tag did not interrupt the function of KfiB and that the full-length KfiB is required for complementation. All plasmids except pMA1 failed to complement the mutation in Roberts, I.S. Conclusion: cytoplasmic membrane. Localization studies revealed that KfiB is associated with the Key words: Escherichia coli, Capsular polysaccharide, KfiB, K5

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 The Prevalence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in cases of Diarrhea in Gorgan, IRAN 0 0 FA H Bagheri Microbiology Department, A Ghaemi M Aslani N Mozafari S Livani T Dadgar Abstract Background and objectives: Diarrhea is one of the main cases of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) is an emerging diarrheal pathogen that has been associated characteristically with persistent diarrhea among infants, particularly in the developing Counties. Therefore, we decided to study the prevalence of enteroaggregative strain in cases of Diarrhea in Gorgan by PCR method. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 455 subjects suffered from Diarrhea in Gorgan during one year (2005-6). At first, the samples were cultivated on the MacConkey agar and EMB agar media, Then all colony Suspected to E.coli were chosen and their DNA extracted by phenol chloroform method. The result was obtained by the selected primer, PCR method. Results: of 455 samples, Twenty cases (4/4%) including men (12) and woman (8) are positive for EAggEC, 85% of sufferers are under 5 years old (45.8% of them are under one year old). The Prevalence of this gene in Summer , Autumn ,Winter ,Spring are 5.3% , 4.2% , 4.1% and 1.8% ,respectively. Conclusion: Based on the prevalence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) in Diarrheagenic cases in Gorgan (4.4%), we do recommend using molecular methods, which are reliable and less expensive than classic methods, in detecting of microorganisms. Key words: Entroaggregative Escherichia coli, Diarrhea, PCR, Gorgan.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 Prostatic massage method versus first -void Urine samples to isolate Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from urinary tract infection 0 0 FA K Ghazisaidi Professor of Microbiology, F Fateminasab SH Vatani Y Azimi S Bakhshandeh Nosrat M Mohamadi Abstract Background and objectives: Ureaplasma urealyticum is one of the most important causes of Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) and non-specific urethritis (NSU) in men. Also Mycoplasma hominis has a role in causing NGU and NSU. The aim of this study was the detection of Mycoplasma hominis & Ureaplasma urealyticum in men suffering from NGU and NSU by prostatic massage method and first- void Urine samples. Material and Methods: Urethral secretion samples, taken after prostatic massage and first-void urine, of 75 patients referred to department of bacteriology of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were examined for ureaplasma and mycoplasma by culture method in 2004-2005 Results: In prostatic samples, 19 and 11 samples are positive for ureaplasma and Mycoplasma, retrospectively. In first-void urine samples, 17 and 9 samples are positive for ureaplasma and Mycoplasma, retrospectively. Conclusion: The results show that if it is impossible to obtain urethral sample via prostatic massage , we can use first- void urine instead. Key words:Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum,Nongonococcal urethritis, Nonspecific urethritis, prostatic massage, first voided Urine

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 The Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Common Antiseptics against Three Nosocomial Resistant Strains 0 0 FA A Imanifooladi Research Center of MJ Soltanpour R Kachuei R Mirnejad M Rahimi Abstract Background and objectives: Today, specialists who are responsible for controlling infection in hospital use different disinfectants for instrument used in hospital to prevent from transmitting infection. The spectrum of antimicrobial effect, the condition of exploiting, the time of efficiency, the effect on environment, the destructive effect on metal and plastic materials etc. are different therefore, we did this study to determine the antimicrobial effect of five disinfectants on those special resistant bacterial strains. Material and Methods: In the current study the antimicrobial effects of five disinfectant solutions including Nanocide, Anizosin, Sulfanidis, Micros 10, and Colloid on hospital resistant strains by concentrations of 0.5 and 1 McFarland Were examined and evaluated. The concentration of disinfectants was prepared according to proposed protocol by manufacturing company. The time of contact with bacteria was defined in three times (the proposed time by company, less and more than porposed time by company). Results: Nanocide haven't shown any inhibitory effect on resistant strains in none of the three times but Colloid indicates its effect only in more than proposed time. Anizosin in all three times have inhibitory effect on S.aureus in concentration 0.5 and 1 McFarland. Sulfanidis and Micros to have prevented from the growth of resistant strains in all three times. Conclusion: It has been determined that disinfectant Micros 10 made of ammonium chloride stands as first degree of quality and Sulfanidis made of poly hegza methylen bigouanid hydrochloride stands as second degree of quality with respect to proper antibacterial effect for the purpose of disinfecting. Key words: Disinfectant, antiseptic, Staphylococcus auras,Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 Screening of Methicillin and Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal of hospital personnel of Khorram Abad ,Iran 0 0 FA H Hosain Zadegan Assistant professor, Microbiology SH Menati MJ Tarrahi F Mohammadi Abstract Background and Objectives associated infections has been gained attention by most researchers. We designed this cross-sectional study to evaluate MRSA and VRSA frequency in the Shohadai Ashayer hospital of Khorram Abad, Iran. : Increased drug resistance, and its Material and Methods: moistened with normal saline from interior nares of 300 personnel and immediately cultured on a Mannitol Salt Agar.Suspected colonies were confirmed by biochemical methods. Methicillin and Vancomycin resistance of isolated strains was carried out by agar dilution according to recommendations of National Clinical Laboratory Institute. Samples were obtained by sterile swab Results: carriers of S.aureus. 16 (5.33%) and 4 (1.33%) of the carriers were Methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA), respectively. One (0.33%) of the personnel was concurrently the carrier of both MRSA and VRSA.No correlation was found between carriage and factors such as sex, age, ward of hospital and length of occupation, and predisposing diseases. Kind of occupation and level of education were significantly related with carrier state.(P<0.05) Sixty-four (21.33%) of 300 studied personnel were nasal Conclusion consistent with other published reliable documents. Isolation of four VISA and one VRSA strains from studied personnel was the interesting findings of this study. Because of carrying of such resistant strains in hospital personnel and risks of transmission to patients, it needs further attention of health officials. : Percentage of S.aureus carriers in hospital personnel was Keywords: Keywords: (MRSA), Vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin intermediate S.aureus (VISA),Carrier, Khorram Abad, IRAN Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant S.aureusStaphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant S.aureus

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 The Effect of Temperature, pH and the Glucose Concentration on Germ The Effect of Temperature, pH and the Glucose Concentration on Germ 0 0 FA AA Jafari nodoushan Assistant professor , Parasitology Abstract Background and objectives: Germ tube-producing ability of C.albicans in human serum is one of the most important virulent factors inducing transformation yeast to mycelia form. This phenomenon can be altered by some environmental and nutritional factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, pH and glucose concentrations in germ tube formation of C. albicans in an in vitro system. Material and Methods: The germ tube production test in human serum (with normal glucose titer) in different temperature, pH, and glucose concentrations was conducted invitro using standard strain of C. albicans (ATCC 10231). The average number of cells with germ tube after 2 hours and the rate of yeastmycelial transition were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. Results: Maximum germ tube production rate is seen in temperature of 37°C, pH of 6.5 and glucose concentration of 30 mg/ml (P= 0.0001) and also germ tube is seen in earliest time in these conditions in invitro. Conclusion: It seems that these environmental and nutritional factors in human body particularly in diabetics can make this fungus to produce germ tube and invade to the different tissues. Key words: Candida Albicans, germ tube, in vitro, Temperature, pH, Glucose

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 The Prevalence of Candida Vaginitis among Women aged 15 - 49 Years in Yazd, Iran 0 0 FA S Etminan Parasitology,Shahid sadoughi H Zarinkatsh M Lotfee Abstract Background and objectives: Candida vaginitis is one of the most infectious diseases which millions of women aged 45-15 years are annually being referred to clinics. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the relationship between Candida Vaginitis and Variables such as age, Contraceptive procedures and the number of labor. Material and Methods: we carried out this descriptive-analytic study on 384 Subjects Selected randomly. We used Statistical test to analyze the data. Results: The highest is related to under thirty-five year old Subjects and the Lowest to under ninety. It has been reported that oral Contraceptive versus other methods is associated with the greatest frequency of Vaginitis (38.9%) and Condom with the lowest. Conclusion: we conclude that the prevalence of Candida Vaginitis in 15-49 year old woman referred to YAZA health care Center is 26.6%. Key Words : Vulvovaginite,Candidiasis,Prevalence

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 Prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Golestan Province, Iran 0 0 FA KH Kalavi A Moradi AR Ahmadi AJ Sarikhani M Bazoori Mr Kyaee Abstract Background and objectives: Human T-Lymphocyte Virus-1 (HTLV- 1) is known as the etiologic factor of acute T-Lymphocytic Leukemia (ATL) and tropical spastic paralysis. (TSP). Endemic factors causing infection with Human T Lymphocyte Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is based on environmental, socio-economical and health behaviors of the individuals. This virus is well distributed in families with involved members. Golestan province is located in North West part of Northern Khorasan province that had already been known as an endemic area for HTLV-1. This virus is also known as the main etiologic factor for cancers and ATL, therefore we studied the prevalence of HTLV-1 seroepidemiology in Golestan province. Material and Methods: The subjects selected by cluster sampling were 2034 healthy cases residing in different parts of Golestan province. ELISA method using Dia- pro anti HTLV-1 antibody kits was applied for serological assessment. Western Blot (HTLV BLOT 2.4) was used for confirmation purposes. Results: The subjects aged 38.66±16.54 were 2034 healthy persons. Forty-one point seven of these cases were males and the rest females. Based on ELISA method there were15 HTLV-1 positive cases (0.7%). -1. (0.7%) Six out of 15 were confirmed by western blot method (95%, CI: 0.06-0.53%). The highest prevalence sigllificant) aiology is in the highat rate in 31-40 year old gro0.7%). onclusion: This study shows that HTLV-1 is prevalent in Golestan the same as the other parts of the world. There fere: we urse on performing screening test (HTLV-) on donated blood components before delivering (OK labeling). Key words: HTLV-1, Seroepidemiology, ELISA, Western Blot, Golestan ATL(Acute T lymphocytic Leukemia) Six cases out of 15 were confirmed by western blot method (95%, CI: 0.06-0.53%). The highest prevalence was 2.6% seen in Kalaleh city (east part of the province) [95%, Cl: 0.06-0.53%). There was significant difference between the prevalence of HTLV-1 and the dwelling place. (p=002). HTLV-1 seroepidemiology was in the highest rate in 31-40 year old group (0.7%). Conclusion: This study shows that HTLV-1 is prevalent in Golestan province, the same as the other parts of the world. Therefore, we recommend performing screening test (HTLV-) on donated blood components before delivering (OK labeling). Key words: HTLV-1, Seroepidemiology, ELISA, Western Blot, Golestan province, ATL (Acute T lymphocytic Leukemia)

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 Sero-epidemiological Study of Herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in outpatient population referred to clinical laboratories in Gorgan, IRAN 2006 0 0 FA M Hedayat Mofidi Instructor of Immunology Golestan A Moradi M Saeedi N Behnampoor J Arab YaraMohammadi Abstract Backgrounds and objectives: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV- 1) infections are mostly shown as a Herpes disease, but It causes conjunctivitis, genital herpes, encephalitis and newborn herpes. This study was conducted to determine the sero-epidemiologic prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cases referred to clinical laboratories of Gorgan, Iran. Material and methods: In this cross sectional study, we did random blood sampling on 406 cases referred to the Gorgan city's clinical laboratories. These samples were analyzed for HSV-1 Immunoglobulin G and M antibodies using type- specific enzymelinked Immunoassays (ELISA). Results: Of 406 participants, the HSV-1 seroprevalence is 49% (44.3% and 4.7% for IgG and IgM respectively). There is not significant relationship between seropositive HSV-1 and gender, ethnicity, age and marital status. Conclusion: Sero-epidemiological of HSV-1 in Gorgan is the same of the other places in Iran, but it is higher than European and lower than African countries. It seems that the people’s culture is very important. Therefore it needs to be investigated more. Keywords: HSV-1, Antibody, Gorgan.

Golestan University of Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Journal 2538-4449 2 1 2008 4 1 Obesity and Iron Status in Women of reproductive age 0 0 FA F Amirkhizi F siassi SM Ahmadi M jalali S Institute A Rahimi Abstract Background and Objectives: Women of reproductive age are at risk of Iron deficiency. Some Studies reported That There is a relationship between Body indices and iron. Iron overload is also harmful. It enhances the risk of cardiovascular disease which is due to increased Lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and iron status in women of reproductive age. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, the relationship between iron status and obesity in women of reproductive age was studied in 35 obese (BMIِ≥30kg/m²) and 35 non-obese (BMI=19-25kg/m²) women matched by age. Demographic data was gathered by a questionnaire. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each subject. After taking Venous blood samples and separating plasma, we investigated iron status by measuring hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma iron and ferritin concentrations. Results: Although no difference is observed in plasma iron and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), the results of obese group show significant higher hemoglobin (137 ± 8 versus 129 ± 7 g/L, p<0.05), hematocrit (0.41 ± 0.02 versus 0.38 ± 0.03, p<0.05), and plasma ferritin concentrations (49.3 ± 32.2 versus 28.6 ± 19.7µg/L, p<0.001). In addition, BMI was positively correlated with hemoglobin (rho=0.29, p<0.001), hematocrit (rho=0.28, p<0.001), and plasma ferritin concentrations (rho=0.39, p<0.0001). Conclusion: we conclude that obese women of reproductive age have higher iron stores than the non-obese women. Therefore, obese- reproductive women are at low risk of depleting iron stores. On the other hand, systematic iron-fortification programs may enhance the prevalence of iron overload in these subjects. Keywords: Obesity, iron status, reproductive age women